Victims And Crime Evaluation

There are many roles in the courtroom that each person plays and each role has its benefit for the criminal justice system as a whole. It is understandable that each role plays a part in the sentencing with the hope that justice is being served but with much intentions and seen all too well that everyone is not satisfied with the sentencing phase and may feel that justice has not been served and some may feel that it has. In the courtroom the roles of each person happens to be a part of case and the prosecutor, defense attorney, criminal, and victim all play a role.There are others that are a part of the role in the court room who also play a valuable role and it is the judge, courtroom recorder, jury, and witnesses. It is understood the focus of the sentencing and who it may affect the most is the prosecutor, defense attorney, criminal and the victim. The role of the prosecutor is to make sure that there is enough evidence for the criminal to be convicted and with evidence the prose cutor takes the approach to convict the criminal and to bring closure for the victim.It may seem as if this phase would be the easiest for the prosecutor but it’s not an easy task and to deliver a sentence that would be fair to the victim, society, and the community by asking for a sentence that would be for the crime that the criminal had committed, in all cases for the prosecutor it is not true that the criminal will get the amount time that they intend for them to get, in a case dealing with rape when there is a victim involved and the criminal has all evidence against them and the victim testifies as well and the prosecutor ask for a mandatory 30 years and when it’s all over the defense attorney ask for a minimum of 15 years and the defense attorney wins.And it leaves the victim as if no justice has been served and the prosecutor may feel as if he failed the victim but the role of the prosecutor is to convict the criminal but they have no guarantee that the sentenc e would be fair for the victim, the criminal, society and the community. The prosecutor always must keep in mind of the alternative sanctions in which the defense attorney will definitely try to get the best interest for the criminal.The defense attorney role is to try and make the criminal innocent and with much effort even when there is substantial evidence against the criminal the defense attorney is looking for the best well-being for the client and all alternative sanctions that may be in place for the criminal and if all else fails the defense attorney is looking for the less sentence as possible for the criminal and not to say that the defense attorney has no remorse for the victim but still feels that the criminal should have alternative sanctions when it comes to the sentence such as possible parole in five years if convicted, probation, or register as a sex offender and it all depends on the case that is being tried at the time and with most cases that involves victims.The defense attorney has the right to cross examine the victim and it makes them relive the torture or it may cause the case to go into another direction that may make the criminal look guilty. In all cases when it comes to sentencing the defense attorney looks for the best interest for the criminal and without failure if it means that the criminal agrees to a plea from the prosecutor and if it is the best interest for the criminal the defense attorney is more than willing to cooperate with the prosecutor. The criminal will go as far as they can go in the sentencing phase to either be found not guilty, guilty, or to even be offered an amount of time if found guilty and sometimes is willing to take the sentence that is given.Once the criminal is found guilty and sometimes will be asked to speak and they may ask forgiveness to the victim and family members of victims but they probably will not change the sentence for the criminal no matter how much compassion that they show. The criminal usually hope for alternative sanctions when they see that they be found guilty and will be willing to take a sentence of 20 years with possible parole than a sentence that gives them life without the possibility of parole. It all depends on the prosecutor, defense attorney, and the evidence that will determine the sentence for the criminal. The victim with any case just want justice to be served and may have to go through counseling in order to get their own life back together, they in turn want the max sentence for the criminal and see no alternative sanction for the criminal.They may believe that if the criminal is sentenced to the max then they will never be able to hurt or bring harm to anyone else and they are looking for the role of the prosecutor to make it be a known fact of their grief, pain, and there suffering after the criminal has done all that they could to destroy them, the victim is very emotional and whenever the sentence is not what they want for the victim they f eel as if justice has not been served. The goal of the sanctions for the criminal is see that they can be productive members of society and that they can be rehabilitated even if found guilty of all charges, they still see hope in alternative sanctions.The victim doesn’t see hope in alternative sanctions, the prosecutor may agree to alternative sanctions and the defense attorney is willing to fight for the alternative sanction for the criminal. The recommendations for victim’s right is that they continue to seek counselling and that the victim advocates continue to follow up on victims and that they have a 24 hour around the clock to be at the aid of victims in order for them to be able to go and live their normal lives without fear and pain of every day if they are the victim or if they are the victim of a loved one that they have lost by the hands of the criminal so that they choose not to seek revenge for themselves.

Cruelty in Animals Essay

As human beings, we cannot live without other people. In order to survive, we need each other and should help each other. However, we need not only people but also other creatures, such as animals. Their presence is essential in human life as well. They can provide food, help us to earn money, be our companion and many more. Therefore, it is important to treat them with respect as we treat other human beings. In Indonesia, however, many people seem to not fully aware about the importance of appropriate treatment for animals. Many animals are being mistreated by some heartless Indonesians. As the proof of the existence of cruelty in animals, some issues are given. Mistreatment of animals in the zoo is one of the underlying issues today. Many zoos in Indonesia are neglecting and being cruel to animals. Recently, the news about Surabaya City Zoo shockingly showed us how poor some people treat animals. Many animals were starving and didn’t have enough water. The cages are dirty and too small for their needs. Those cages were also littered with plastic rubbish thrown by some visitors; starving animals eat them sometimes. Moreover, many animals were chained and couldn’t move properly. As the result, many animals died unnaturally because of those terrible conditions. Another issue that has been discussed long since is cruelty to monkey as the part of _Topeng Monyet_ or Masked Monkey show. In this street performance, the monkeys are forced to entertain crowds for money by wearing masks and other outfits to imitate humans. They are also forced to ride mini bicycles, sit on tiny stools and even play dead. Perhaps, it seems okay for some people because this is part of traditional culture. However, the cruelty to those monkeys actually happens worse behind the shows. Besides exploiting, many handlers also treat them so badly. The monkeys often live in pitiful conditions, are riddled with disease and forced to live in small cages. Furthermore, metal chains fastened to their neck and eventually infect their skin. Cattle mistreatment is another controversial issue of cruelty in animals. We  need to highlight a topical issue of Australian cattle exported to Indonesia which are abused. Upon arrival in Indonesia, the cows shipped from Australia are lifted by a crane using a cruel technique. Workers usually unload the cows from a boat with ropes hanging around their necks. Moreover, another torturous method is employed in some Indonesian abattoirs. In order to make more money, some butchers force cows to drink a huge amount of water to increase their weight just before slaughtering them. These cows are called _sapi gelonggongan_. Many cattle are often slaughtered with blunt knives afterwards. A lot of people might feel some serious concern about the fact that many animals are often abused and exploited in Indonesia. Therefore, those controversial issues should be resolved immediately. We should not let those creatures end up suffering in this way. We should repay for what those animals have given to us by taking care of them properly.

Boys Behavior in The Lord of the Flies by William Golding

Boys' Behavior in The Lord of the Flies by William Golding Having parents that are strict on you could be a good or a bad thing.When it comes to you not being around them it shows how you’d act if they weren’t around. In the Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the boys behavior is affected by the way they were raised.reasoning, Piggy’s aunt led him to being proper, Ralph’s dad is a commander in the navy, and Jack likely had a poor relationship with his parents. For Piggy growing up with a proper and respectful surrounding it would be good for him to be alone because he would know how to act with no parents around. Knowing that there are no girls on the island and Piggy lived with his aunt he’d be the only female voice of the group. Piggy likes to be Ralph’s advisor knowing that he cannot lead the group on himself. Piggy believes that holding the couch gives him the right to be heard. Piggy also likes to keep life scientific. Ralph represents leadership and a decency of intelligence. Shows obvious common since. Ralph is the one who makes the meeting place, the fire, and the huts. Ralph was the only elected leader for the boys.Ralph starts to lose his power of organized such as when he struggles to make an agenda for a meeting. Ralph was the only one to realize that Simon’s death was a murder. Since his dad was a commander in the navy Ralph will know all these things because he gets it from a father figure. For Jack, Jack gave a evil and violent type of character based on the fact that he had a dark side in survival. Jack came with a mindset that he would control eachand one of the boys and run them over when quite frankly he didn’t. He wanted to make rules and punish people who didn’t want to follow them even tho eventually he starts breaking his own rules he creates. Jack wants to rule the group other than just working with Ralph then being against Ralph. Jack doesn’t even follow the conch rule, but uses it in advantage when he has the power to do so. Jack wasn’t really good with his parents he got sent to military school and wasn’t really doing so great. All in all, when you are raised correctly or mutually you will conquer a lot in life. When you choose to not listen to what your parents tell you or make you do it can reach based on how you perform in public. If your parents are strict on you its better for you because when your not around them it will show what they meant to you when they told you to do this or that. Could even be when adults, adults parent just how they are raised or though to do so. This is how you would know if kids and or adults react in certain situations.

Long-Term Orientation in Chinese Business Markets Literature review

Long-Term Orientation in Chinese Business Markets - Literature review Example According to the authors, guanxi behaviour consists of three elements: affect (emotions), reciprocal favour, face preserving. In Chinese culture, trust is an outcome of guanxi behaviour. The authors emphasise that in China, affection and business go together unlike the UK or USA. Affect denotes human feelings or emotional commitments that are central to intimate social bonding in several kinds of relationships such as between teachers and students, parents and children, or between close friends. In Chinese culture, the reciprocal favour stems from certain social behaviour evoking emotional responses and feeling by one of the group member to another. As such, reciprocity is a universal behaviour that can be traced even to animal kingdom. Similarly, the importance of face preserving for any Chinese in personal and professional life is tremendous. Face preserving behaviour plays a crucial role in constructing interpersonal relationships. It is important to note that in the Chinese cultu re, any disloyal person in the group is a faceless person. Society associates a great value when members of the group go to any extent to honour their obligations. Thus, it can be said that guanxi is a fulcrum of most activities in China that fall into the purview of political, economic and social order. However, to gain more clarity, researchers interviewed over a dozen sales managers in China and Hong Kong to find out how they view guanxi in the business world. ... As replied by the sales managers, guanxi is the first step of a salesperson to establish his or her intention to do the business; however, guanxi behaviour takes considerable time to develop to the point where unfamiliarity with the buyer ceases to exist. According to the sales managers interviewed, most Chinese firms respect guanxi style of relationships while doing any business transactions. That means the higher the salesperson interacts with a buyer, the greater the trust the buyer reposes in the salesperson. Surprisingly, business transactions are done on the basis of trust at personal level rather than at the organisational level. That is why many transactions with overseas firms are done on the basis of personal contacts. People are more loyal to their superiors rather than their organisation. A buying firm's trust on the salesperson is due to his or her expertise on the subject and ability to deliver. Similarly, the higher the status or position of the salesperson, the higher the trust the buying firm will repose on the selling firm. This is so because higher status of the salesperson signifies greater control on the firm's resources to fulfil agreed obligations. The researchers formulated various hypotheses to understand how a buying firm develops trust on the seller firm including the factors such as salesperson expertise and his or her status responsible for generating this trust. In the process to measure all the three elements of guanxi as mentioned above, the authors served the questionnaire to 250 respondents; however, only 51.2% respondents returned the questionnaire. Those who responded were in their current positions for last 4 years and in relationship with

Promotion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Promotion - Research Paper Example Promotion is inclusive in marketing and is believed to play the part of a marketing investment that is excessively essential in businesses (Gordob, 2010). Over the years, phone manufacturers have had to deal with wireless carriers so that they can have adequate access to their networks. This is the reason most phone companies have their prices dictated by the same carriers mentioned above. High pricing caused people to find other services that can be used in place of the phones. As the struggle went on, different manufacturers have used the technological ideas currently flooding the markets and have come up with the models that have been used to end the struggle. According to latest statistics, world mobile users have greatly increased such that they have surpassed internet users. It has been stipulated that more than forty five million people use smartphones. The fact that almost everyone owns a phone can be attributed to the high quality advertising strategies in the present world (Newton, 2009). This increase in the numbers of the mobile users can only offer promoters hope that the market will soon become phenomenal. In the act of promoting mobile phones, it is essential to understand that most people typically are attached to them. For this reason, the more features a mobile phone offers the better and the more its promotion will result to the company’s prospected success. Most companies seem to have conducted enough research on characterized customer satisfaction, customer research, and products use, but seem to have forgotten to question directly from the customer of their expectations. The promoters need to realize that their aim is to satisfy the needs of their customers as they make extremely large amounts of money. In my opinion, the customers’ demands have not yet been reached despite having new models of phones in the market (Saulimen, 2011). This is because most people

Analysis of Argentina Economic Recovery Research Paper

Analysis of Argentina Economic Recovery - Research Paper Example Resent observation made by IMF indicates that Argentina has been able to recovery from financial recession. This essay analyses Argentina’s managed floating exchange rate regime from the recovery of economic crisis to the Present. Economists have mentioned many factors that contributed to Argentina financial turmoil. Some economists have cited Argentina economic policies as a factor that contributed to financial recession (Hornbeck). Analysts have claimed that IMF had questionable policy advice and lending to Argentina because it overlooked risks that Argentina was likely to face (Saxton). It is apparent that numerous lending programs that international community gave to Argentina during the recession aggravated the problem. Economists believe that fiscal policies of Argentina plunged it into the financial crisis. Research indicates that Argentina had been using fiscal largesse to counter economic problems. In this case, Argentina printed currency to cover its monetary shortfa lls or applied other creative methods to expand its money supply. This policy led to indebtedness and high inflation. Argentina adopted convertibility fiscal policy, which controlled exchange rate against the American dollar. Research indicates that the policy worked well until 1995 when Argentina economic policies could not protect the country from economic depression (Akkerman & Teunissen). Analysts have argued that convertibility fiscal policy failed because the plan lacked thresholds required to contain convertibility plan at national and provision levels. Research indicates that Argentina’s debts grew from 30% to 60% (Saxton). The debt figures show records collected from 1995 to 2001. These changes led to overvaluation of Argentina’s currency, which affected Argentina’s competiveness in the world market due to reduction in its ability to export, which further plunged public revenue. With a strengthening dollar fiscal balances of Argentina deteriorated givin g room for regional trading countries a trading opportunity over Argentina. Commodity prices fell accelerating a fall in public revue. It is apparent that a fall in domestic trade triggers an increase in inflation level. Research indicates that Argentine fiscal deficit in 1993-2001 had an average of 1.3 percent of the country’s GDP (Weisbrot, et.al). Increase in fiscal deficit took place in 1998 when Argentina adopted joint action on recession, which focused on higher interest rates and revenues. Recovery plan from the financial turmoil meant that Argentina had to change to fiscal policies in order to meet challenges in the dynamic market. Argentina debt restructuring began in 2002 when Argentina negotiated with investors and IMF to cut down some of their debts (Akkerman & Teunissen). Negotiation did not yield much because IMF did not provide solution, which could leverage on Argentina’s economic turmoil. Argentina refuted its agreement with IMF and entered into one te rm agreement with SEC to settle debts of private creditors. The commitment made by Argentina to recover from debts that it had incurred got a backup from Argentine legislative move, which restricted Argentina from incurring more debts on better terms. Argentine government developed policies, which improved import substitution as a move to improve trade in the country. The central bank moved in to control

The Main Character-Cum-Hero in the Platoon Film Assignment

The Main Character-Cum-Hero in the Platoon Film - Assignment Example The Platoon film by Oliver Stone is a 1986 production. It is an American war film featuring Chris Taylor who is a young American college dropout going to fight in Vietnam. On his arrival to Vietnam, he finds his presence as insignificant in comparison to the other soldiers who are much experienced in battle than him. He has his own team that soon finds itself fighting both the enemy in Vietnam and the men in his own platoon. The Unforgiven film begins by introducing the cause of the conflict that the movie bases it happenings on. There are words crawling across the screen, describing the life of a woman who got married to a murderer. One of the cowboys, Davey Bunting, is in one of the rooms at the brothels with a prostitute, Alice when from another room arises some commotion. It is in Delilah’s room (another prostitute), who was with Mike, a cowboy. Mike and Delilah are fighting, with Delilah throwing things at Mike as he advances towards her with a knife that he uses to cut u p her face. The Platoon film similarly introduces its subject basis right from the start. The main character, Chris, arrives in Vietnam and is at the introduction to the generals controlling the war. As this is happening, Chris catches a glimpse of rows of soldiers’ bodies awaiting shipment back to the United States. He also sees weary soldiers who have finished their terms in Vietnam awaiting transportation back home. He later learns that the ‘older’ soldiers do not associate well with the newcomers. Chris regrets volunteering.

Voting Right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Voting Right - Essay Example However, in the years since the words of the Declaration of Independence were put to parchment, the Supreme Court has, more often than not, shown that it will uphold the status quo of society, and deny the right to vote to women and those of minorities, rather than affirming and advancing it. Though there have been some instances of advancement occurring, they are not as plentiful as those that do not. The list of cases for both protection and denial of voting rights spans not only decades of history, but could also span volumes of pages. As always with multiple examples, there are those that best exemplify things, and I believe that the cases of United States v. Reese in 1876 as well as Minor v. Happersett in 1874 are the best examples of the Supreme Court denying voting rights, while the cases of Smith v. Allwright in 1944 and Baker v. Carr in 1962 are the best examples of both advancing the right to vote and ensuring protection for it. Both United States v. Reese and Minor v. ... In United States v. Reese, an election inspector, Hiram Reese, had refused to allow William Garner, who was an African-American, to vote in a Lexington, Kentucky election, due to the fact that he had not paid a poll tax of $1.50. In Minor v. Happersett Mrs. Virginia Minor, leader of the suffrage movement for women in Missouri, brought suit against a registration officer when he refused to add her name to the list of registered voters, due to her gender. Garner alleged that he had attempted to pay the poll tax and had been refused, while Mrs. Minor alleged that she was a citizen, and all citizens had the right to vote, therefore she had the right to vote. The Supreme Court in United States v. Reese ruled that the Fifteenth Amendment â€Å"does not confer the right of suffrage upon anyone†, meaning that just because he was African American did not mean that Garner had the right to vote. The result of this case was that states were able to continually deny the vote to African Ame ricans, not based on race, but on other requirements such as literacy and nonpayment of poll taxes. In Minor v. Happersett, the Supreme Court went further, stating that though the Fourteenth Amendment gave all citizens the right to vote, and Mrs. Minor was indeed a citizen, the Constitution did not specifically give women the right to vote. This decision was all the more ridiculous because the Constitution did not provide for many things that had since come into existence in the United States and had worked quite well, yet women were still denied the right to vote because it did not exist in the Constitution. Both of these cases are examples of the Supreme Court not only denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States, but acknowledging that legislation existed that could have

Strategic Management - Business & Management Essay

Strategic Management - Business & Management - Essay Example The company did not respond to the changing management needs and continued to pay heavy packages to its workers and coupled with low response to fashion changes, it has lost its customers confidence. JZ Benny did not respond to the competitive edge that the new entrants like Spanish El Dorado and Scandinavian Helgar were employing. It remained static in the fashion outsourcing even when its competitors changed to fast fashion model shops. While the competitors outsourced their fashions from Eastern Europe, JZ Benny instead rushed to China and South East Asia which sold at low cost. Thinking this as a cost advantage over the rivals, it turned out to be a stock burden for the company since they had to buy in bulk and hence were left with indispensable stock at the end of the season. This was a miscalculated marketing strategy resulting from inefficient market analysis. The company failed to keep up with its competitors who resulted to e-supply chain which enabled them to connect the customers with the designers hence placed in the market what the customer preferred. This ensured that they were always ahead of other retailers since they stocked what the customers liked. JZ Benny saw a management gap and responded by fishing Bob D’Saster from competitor Helgar Fashions. As the CEO of JZ Benny, D’Saster was confident that cost cutting measures and investment in technology would turn the chain around to start making profit. Cost cut measures were implemented leading to layoff of about 20% of the staff and heavy investment in RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags to help in improving the Barcode Inventory Processing. However this did not help the company and the AGM dismissed D’Saster and placed John Hammond as the CEO. As expressed by Courtney et al., 1997, the case of JZ Benny is a management problem. The company has been under a management that does not recognized that

Interpersonal Communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Interpersonal Communication - Assignment Example For example in the case study Prisca refers to her client, Mrs. Roberts as auntie, as a form of respect. The three methods of interpersonal interaction include non-verbal communication, written communication and oral communication. Non-verbal communication involves facial expressions, gestures demonstrate by the body language, physical distance between the parties involved in the communication process, tonal variation and the pitch of the voice. Non-verbal offers clues as well as additional information and meaning over and beyond the spoken words or communication (Downs and Adrian, 2004, 02-04). Non-verbal communication may be deliberate or unintentional. It serves to reinforce the words that are being spoken, convey information on the emotional state of an individual and regulating the flow of information. In the case study, non-verbal communication is made evident when Mrs. Roberts walks down the path in her bed clothes and slippers while carrying her shopping bag. Through that gesture, she wanted to demonstrate her deep anger and frustration as a result of the delay by Prisca. Written communication is another form of interpersonal communication in which the parties involved interacted through writing. This form of interaction is mainly used in formal circumstances or when communicating to a deaf and dumb person who is able to read and write. It is less interactive as reading and writing may consume a lot of time. This form of communication is likely to be applied in the case of Mrs. Roberts who has challenges with hearing. Verbal communication occurs when there is sharing of information between individuals through speech. This can be monitored through ensuring that the enunciation, tone and stress in which the words have been expressed is applied in the right context. The communication cycle demonstrates that effective verbal communication is a two-way process which are speaking and

Reformation for the Health of the Population Essay Example for Free

Reformation for the Health of the Population Essay Population health is an ever progressing branch of medicine that is fundamentally concerned with improving the health of a population as opposed to the sole health of the individual. Advances in technology continue to improve the average life expectancy, yet the American healthcare system is failing to evolve. Insurance companies routinely collect huge profits, yet a significant portion of the American population remains subject to poor health care. Reconstructions in academia and at the legislative level are a necessity if there is to be any advancement to our healthcare system and increase within population health. Medical training has proven to be insufficient in teaching students how to care for patients outside of the primary demographic to which they were exposed during their studies (Greenlick, p. 2). Future physicians should be trained to better understand the dynamics and diversified needs of the individuals from the populations in which they will be serving. Having a working awareness of multiple patient populations would allow physicians to better serve that individual and collectively improve the population. Socioeconomic disparities, ethnic variances, access to proper nutrition, and genetic predisposition to particular diseases are a few factors that need be considered to provide quality care. Reshaping of medical school curriculum to better prepare students to understand the distribution of disease, the environmental effects on health and disease, and how to interpret the needs of a larger variety of populations should become a priority in medical academia. Reformation is not isolated to any gender, ethnicity, social class, or age group. Health care reform remains a hot topic amongst the one-percenters, the bottom bracket, and the classes in between. Universal reforms need to be made in order to equalize our health care system. Quality care should not be about the bottom line for profit but about respect and concern for one’s fellow-man. The greatest opposition for reformation tends to come from a small, privileged demographic who is satisfied with the status quo and rather not pay reasonably higher taxes in order for the poorer population to access adequate health care. Legislation like the Affordable Care Act is in a sense socializing health care but its  ideals are a step in the right direction for successful reformation. Further clarity is needed to determine an exact methodology to make improvements in population health and the barriers that must be overcome for them to succeed (Eggleston, Abstract). Nevertheless, a financially sound method to fund health care for all should be implemented by the government. Millions of Americans are still uninsured or underinsured and taxing the wealthy to redistribute wealth and improve health resources for the population could alleviate some of the burden our system is facing. Insuring more Americans will prevent the uninsured from having to use emergency rooms due to untimely care of preventative disease which ends up being more costly and ineffective in the long run. Better access to health care for the disadvantaged would improve society on the whole as they would be better able to find and to remain healthy on their jobs thus becoming more productive contributors to society.†¨ In order to improve the quality of life for all, reforms in healthcare practice and academia need to be initiated. There is no room for political bias and unfounded claims for opposition if there is to be any improvement in the health of the population. Health care should be accepted as an essential human right, not a privilege. Social and financial factors must be eliminated when access to care is assessed in order to improve the health of the population and improve society.

Technological environment of video Game Industry Essay Example for Free

Technological environment of video Game Industry Essay The Video Game industry is constantly undergoing new innovations and ground breaking technology. New trends and innovations are introduced on a yearly basis that alters the marketing environment. The Level of technology in this industry is very high. The speed of technology and usage is ongoing and expanding throughout the country and the world. With the constant growth, a fast and a high rate of Obsolescence is the outcome. The video game industry also has social concerns pertaining to the overall health of the users. Within the past 10 years the video game industry has boomed to keep up with the rapid growth of technology. Each video game console starting from the Atari 2600 ( September 1977) to the Nintendo 64( September 1996) and to the recent Sony Play station, Nintendo WII, and Microsoft X-box franchise has evolved insignificant ways. Trends: Mega-Gaming, Interactive †¢Mega-Gaming A new trend like Mega-Gaming which has been becoming popular Schmidt, D(2013,November )â€Å"These last ten years have ushered in the age of the mega-game; video games with budgets of $100 million and massive marketing pushes designed to break single-week sales records† Video Games in the US. Retrieved from IBIS World Industry Report. This Mega-Gaming consists of a high return and in return comes with high risk ,where if one game does not meet sales then the whole gaming company can go under. The highest budget game is Grand Theft Auto 5 reaching 265 million dollars invested to production, but within the first 3 weeks their sales were above 1 billion dollars being the most successful release in all entertainment in the world. Such high budgets come from factors like developing and development staff. But the majority of the portion of their budget is put in to marketing. Even to the very little spent on development, a big part of it goes towards the non-gameplay parts such as motion capture and expensive voice acting talent. The result in this could either consist of a horrible outcome, or a big take home. †¢Interactive Gaming The Video Game industry is based around new and upcoming technology. Interactive Gaming is becoming more popular within the industry. In the age of technology social media is slowly integrating itself into gaming. Many game franchises are starting to focus on the aspect of playing online and the interaction between players. It is seen where in future consoles they can link their social media sites to share videos, gameplay, and statistics with friends. This has already been seen with android and IOS games, where many of the games have a link to sign in through Facebook,Twitter, Instagram to post their scores. Innovations: Motion Sensor, 3D, Neuro-Gaming †¢Motion Sensor With the more hands on Interactive gaming experience, the most recent motion sensor and even seen in the future Neuro-Gaming will take over the industry. The big break came from the notorious Nintendo Wii which monitored movement by sensors in controllers that the user held. This quickly branched out to Play Station’s Move, and X-box Kinect where Kinect is censored by actual body movement which was another new innovation. This type of interaction continues to grow, and the industry is trying to get the user more hands on within the game. †¢Three Dimensional (3D) The new state of the art 3D imaging is putting players as close to the game as possible. New faster, more efficient processing units and graphic cards create a game play experience that intermingles with every other component. †¢Neuro-Gaming. Neuro-gaming is a new innovation that is expected to revolutionize the gaming industry and alter the gaming experience over the next five years. As stated in an article by Forbes writer Aaron Frank (2013) â€Å"Driven by explosive growth in computer processing, affordable sensors, and new haptic sensation technology, neuro-game designers have entirely new toolkits to craft an immersive experience that simulates our waking life (Web). It will be made of sensors, processing power, fast bandwidth and incredible design talent creating a whole new platform for video games. Neuro-gaming incorporates a range of inputs, which monitor a player’s heart rate, brain waves, pupil dilation, hand and body gestures, and the change of your emotional state to make for amazing game play. Speed and Usage of Technology †¢Speed of Technology The speed of technology transfer in the video game industry is very high, and is transferred throughout in a positive and growing manner. The software, hardware, and methods are fast developing. The process of transferring these things among other franchises and institution for the development is a big part of growth and competition. As seen at the 2013 Neuro-Gaming Conference and Expo, various institutions came to demonstrate similar yet different innovations to put into future development. Licensing and turn overs on concepts consistently make it to the market in the video game industry. The transfer of technology to other less developed countries in the past have been almost non-existent but due to the on growing technology boom many video games, especially educational games are being sent over to less-developed countries. †¢USAGE of TECHNOLOGY The use of technology defines the video game industry. Every aspect of this industry relies on technology and technological advances. The high rate of obsolescence demands an increase in technology. The type of technology differs from each device. May it be hand held device like cell phones or tablets, video game consoles, and computers. Each have hardware and software that are key to its use. To computers and personal consoles it will be the hardware, the graphic cards and processing units. But without the technology of various input devices like the different controllers, keyboards, and other hand held devices the industry would not be what it is now. Rate of Obsolescence and Social Concerns †¢Obsolescence Obsolescence is an all too common thing in the video game industry, due to factors of so much growth and the new trends in the industry. Many video games either it be on a personal device, a home console, or personal computer are factor to being part of a series. The success of a game guaranties it for another title, or updated version. Once this new title comes out the previous game almost instantly becomes obsolete and although still in perfect condition, is no longer wanted. Carrying on from the video games, the consoles are updated with new innovations, hardware and software. This is seen common in the Play station and X-box Franchise each having 3 different version of each console, and therefore the trouble of only being accustomed to a specific sort of game. Such as were Play Station 3 console and games have thrived, but when the upcoming Play Station 4 is released, both the console and games will become obsolete. †¢Social Concerns What is most controversial about the video game industry and the social concerns is the damage it is seen doing to children. Although video games have their benefits for learning, the controversy of gaming violence are becoming a concern to society. The infamous game series Grand Theft Auto, being in the head front of this issue is often accused of giving young Americans the motive and ideas to carry out action in the games in real life. Shown in a medical study done by Gentil,Choo,Liau (2011) greater amounts of gaming, lower social competence, and seemed to act as risk factors for becoming pathological gamers. This is where depression, anxiety, social phobias, and lower school performance seemed to be the outcomes of pathological gaming in the video game industry. The Social Concerns categorizing itself with obesity, lack of exercise in the youth, addiction and social problems. 1. Schmidt, D. (2013). IBISWorld Industry Report NN003. Video Games in the US. Retrieved November 13, 2013 from IBISWorld database. 2. Frank, A (2013) The Future of Gaming- It May Be All In Your Head. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www. forbes. com/sites/singularity/2013/06/03/the-future-of-gaming-it-may-be-all-in- your-head/2/ 3. Gentile DA, Choo H, Liau A, (2011) Pathological video game use among youths: a two-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics. 2011;127(2):e319–e329.

The Functions Of Organizational Culture Commerce Essay

The Functions Of Organizational Culture Commerce Essay Culture is the soul to an enterprise, it is the essence of a successful business. So far, as the organizational culture develops, everyone has been universally recognized that its way of thinking and behaving shared by all members of the organization. Successful experience tells us, organizational culture is immortal pillars for the development of the organization, cultural development also has the potential force of cohesion, it brought not only a spirit to employees, but also inspire them a sense of pride and responsibility, cultivating the team work spirit of the organization, thus, to improve the overall effectiveness of the enterprise.(Pumpin, 1987) What is organizational culture Organizational culture is the sum of reflects that gradually formed in the production and management practices, agreed and complied with all staff, with the characteristics of the Organizations mission, vision, purpose, spirit, values and business philosophy, and the ideas in the production and management practices, management system, the behavior of employees with the external image. (Pumpin, 1987) In essence, organizational culture is a cultural phenomenon among the enterprises, its appearance is inseparable from the development of the theory and practice of modern enterprise, from the management perspective, organizational culture are the application management tools to achieve management objectives, therefore, organizational culture are not only a cultural phenomenon, but also has a connotation as a management tool. First, the organizational culture is led by a sense of enterprise management, the cultural patterns of pursuit and realization in a certain corporate purposes, from a certain sense, the organizational culture is a culture of enterprise management. Second, the organizational culture is a culture that have a common goal, group consciousness, and the suitable organizations and institutions. Third, the organizational culture is an economic culture. It is gradually formed in the operation of the production process and management activities by the enterprises and enterprise employees, leaving the economic activities of enterprises, it is impossible to have a organizational culture formation, not to mention a good one.(Miles and Snow, 1978) 2. The functions of organizational culture 2.1 The guiding function. Organizational culture can play a guiding role of value orientation and behavior orientation in enterprises and each member of them. This orientation is different from a traditional management which simply focus on the rigid discipline or system, it emphasizes to guide the behavior of members of the enterprise from the shaping organizational culture, to make people accept the common values in a cultural imperceptibly.(Barney, 1986) 2.2 The incentive function. Positive ideas and code of conduct can form a strong sense of mission and a sustained driving force. Positive organizational culture is a ruler of self-motivation to the employees, the ruler that they can contrast their own behavior, identify gaps, can generate the driving force for improving. In the same time, enterprises with shared values, beliefs and codes of conduct which can be a powerful spiritual pillar, can make a person generate a sense of identity, a sense of belonging and a sense of security, until play the role of mutual encouragement.(Deal and Kennedy, 1982) 2.3 The cohesion function The collective strength depends on the cohesion of the organization, the coordination of the organizations internal condition and ability to control. The cohesion of the organization, coordination and control can be generated by rigid connections like the system of discipline, but not as good as more effective by internal binder like shared values, beliefs, and codes of conduct.(Schwartz, and Davis, 1981) 2.4 The constraint function Excellent organizational culture have the binding effect on the thinking and behavior of each employee. After a long period of construction of organizational culture, formed written or convention rules and regulations, ethics and codes of conduct to regulate the behavior of employees, by this measure, it achieve the controling of thinking and behave of workers.(Cooke, 1987) Take the McDonald for example, McDonalds Quality, Service, Cleanliness, Value, it formed from the top to bottom of a company-wide to a high-spirited, energetic and promising enterprises mental outlook, the concept of health inspire and guide workers keep making progress. McDonald focus on meticulous management, cultivate awareness of staff to establish the details determine success or failure , to improve management efficiency through good detail, to build a strong team through good detail, use good details to regulate employee behavior, good restraints of organizational culture in the system can be fully demonstrated. McDonald also enhance their employees sense of belonging through methods such as uniform dress; strengthen employees collaborate awareness; care for each other, help each other; actively promote flexible management to encourages employees to breakthrough program of the work to form a flexible internal strengthen collaboration between employees. scientific management be ing taken to improve the sense of community of employees. The functions of organizational culture impact on management 3.1 The organizational culture is the basis of the Strategic Management, Strategic management is to determine its mission, according to the external environment and internal conditions to set the strategic objectives of the enterprise, in order to ensure the correct implementation of the goals and progress plan, and rely on internal capabilities implemented this kind of planning and decision-making, constraints in the implementation process of a dynamic management process. The organizational culture is the value orientation of the enterprise for a variety of internal and external affairs and resources, enterprises in the long-term organizational values, under the guidance of shared values, guiding principles and select corporate behavior. Excellent organizational culture is an important condition for business strategy development and success. It can highlight the characteristics of enterprises, the formation of the common values of the members of the enterprise, also because of its d istinctive personality, more conducive to enterprise to develop a distinctive strategy of defeating the enemy. Strategy formulation process of collective behavior, establish above the values and beliefs of the organization members.(Hampden-Turner, 1990) Based on the wishes of the members of organization, the guidance from particular culture, to develop corporate strategy around the organizational culture. Therefore, the organizational culture is the basis of corporate strategic planning, development and implementation. 3.2 The relevance of the organizational culture and strategic management In order to maintain the organizational culture and strategic management of mutual synergy, the need for a comprehensive understanding of the positive and negative effect on the strategic management of cultural enterprises to analysis out how to change the organizational strategy culture. (Islam and Zyphur, 2009) 3.2.1 The positive role of the organizational culture on strategic management 3.2.1.1Corporate mission and values are important factors for an enterprise culture, so that employees can identify with the organizations business philosophy and creed. The formulation of corporate strategy is bound to affected by a mission. The corporate mission defines the scope and level of the enterprises operating in the field of socio-economic activities, represents the corporate identity and role in the socio-economic activities. The core corporate values of the organizational culture guide the enterprises own strategy development to built on the basis of the values required of following the market and the enterprises own progress. When employees were able to agree with the companys values, you would think that the efforts they made for the enterprise role, valuable sense of collective identity value will give employees greater satisfaction, and this sense of satisfaction in turn will more promote the dedication of the staff of the enterprise.(Halpin Croft, 1963) 3.2.1.2 Culture played a stable role of organization in corporate strategy design, implementation. It guides and shapes the attitude and behavior of employees, make the employees to accept corporate norms and canonical role of restraint mechanisms, and the guidance play the role of restraint mechanisms to encourage their employees to achieve the behavior that enterprises expect. In the perspective of time corporate strategic constraints can be divided into prior constraints, afterwards constraints and any time constraints. Prior constraints requires to design a good valid strategic plan before the implementation of the it, however, it must be designed harmony with the organizational culture, if there is the deviation between the two, the organizational culture will play its regulatory role for the prior constraints goes smoothly. Organizational culture play its strategic constraintsis more significantly embodied in the adjustment of afterwards constraints. It is based on the spirit o f enterprise, to fully exploit the employees of self-restraint and self-regulation, use of a humane way to adjust, thus it can greatly reducing friction and communication costs of personnel in the process of implementation of the strategy, in order to promote the implementation of the strategy within the enterprise. 3.2.1.3 Organizational culture as a driving force of the strategy and continuously improve business performance, profitability and productivity, it become a powerful internal driving force. Culture enables members to understand the historical tradition and the present approach to business, provided to the staff a reasonable explanation for the events of the past of the enterprise, thus to facilitate the employees to understand their proper representation in the future in the similar incidents. This kind of non-institutional factors will enable more humane management to constrain the opportunistic behavior of managers and employees, thus promoting the effective implementation of the corporate strategy.(Hofstede, 1991) 3.2.2 The negative role of the organizational culture on strategic management 3.2.2.1 Due to cultural difference between the various levels of the organization, when the overall strategy reached out the various departments, they have varying degrees of conflict and contradiction, the contradiction of this conflict will reduce the degree of integration of the entire department and hinder the corporate strategy implementation. However, due to the enterprise implement this kind of division of work, it will lead to a split and the formation of the sub-culture of organizational culture. Strategic management of the enterprise is to unify to form a unified concept of progress of the internal culture, it needs to coordinate the various departments grading, but this requires enterprises to pay the considerable cost, but also need to do ideological adjustment for the department have a propensity of conflict.(Kotter, 1992) 3.2.2.2 The existing organizational culture has been difficult to adapt to the progress of modern society and the enterprise. In order to adapt better to the external environment, to implement the new strategy, many enterprises began to change the organizational culture that are existing. The original culture has been deeply rooted within the enterprise, with the sudden shift, there will be great progress resistance.(Kotter, 1992) 3.2.2.3 People employed in the enterprise have the different cultural background, there is a significant difference between them. The companies believe that this can boost the organization to achieve enterprise multifaceted progress. Employees bear a strong organizational culture will naturally accept this culture, behavior consistent with its own characteristics will not be reflected in order to lead to the formation of a single environmental systems, lack of constructive sounds and opinion, the employees will not spend more time to update and improve the internal management of the enterprise, no innovative force at all.(RSA 1995) Take Apple Inc. as the example, first, the business guiding ideology inadaptability lead to strategic mistakes. Apple does not like to hear someone accusations that he is wrong, and hope that regardless of their own employees, or the hot suitors of the outside world can stand together with his firmly. With the culture of to go it alone will inevitably lead to the companys operating guiding ideology to a product-oriented, which leads the direction of the company and the market demand is difficult to coordinate. Secondly, Lack of coordination within the organization, and inconsistent. Leadership is one thing to develop workflow and truthfully feedback process of the team is another matter entirely. Former Apple designer Andrew Poirot Minkowski, (Andrew Borovsky) said: from the design, each of the underlying designers is extremely difficult to get direct feedback from the executives. Typically, if you are not receiving a positive reply, then it is told you to stop doing stupid things. Third, over-reliance on individual heroes, serious personality cult. Apple has a unique program, that is to cultivate a person whether he is competent, supervisor, or a common staff on behalf of Steve Jobs eligibility. Steve Jobs is a dictator of the company, all of the key decision-making as well as a lot of seemingly inconsequential decisions are made by him. These decisions include how to design the route of shuttle for employees in San Francisco city, what kind of food served in cafeteria. However, as Jobs can insight into the companys all move, he has not see if he is not sitting in the CEOchair, the situation will be very different. 3.3 Changes of organizational culture in the strategic management Re-examine and make appropriate modifications and adjustment to the original values of the organization. Because strategic change and implementation will eventually be implemented into every employees action, so to promote the people of organization to have the idea of change, innovation to the current values, in order to match the new framework for the implementation of the strategy is the value basis whether strategy can be implemented. Second, the culture of innovation concept, allow employees to take the initiative to participate in the innovation. And discuss with the staff of the strategic implementation plan, establish them a clear understanding of the external and internal environment changes, inform the role of that can be brought with the concept of change to the employees, and strengthen the implementation of the identity of the employees on the strategic management. Lastly, establish feedback and timely adjustment mechanism in the organization to allowed full communicatio n of the cultural contradictions.(Schein, 1985) If there is no fast and efficient information system to accept and feedback, no effective coordination and monitoring system for the overall situation, then the implementation of strategic management of the enterprise is bound have actual deviation because of lack of timely and correct information feedback, making the entire implementation process cannot be constrained effectively, then, affect the final implementation, failed to achieve the established strategic objectives. Correctly understand and grasp the the complementary dialectical contact between corporate strategy and organizational culture can help to improve the overall quality and competitiveness of enterprises, promote enterprise taking quality, rapidly, sustained and healthy progress. Conclusion The role of the organizational culture in the corporate management is to manage strictly, focusing on the incentive to cultivate employees sense of responsibility and solidarity, like the physical form of the product, as it is perceivable, organizational culture cohesive people internally, improve operations externally, also strengthen the management, make the vitality of enterprises to develop and create a strong competitive. Ancient and modern history shows that the closed culture inevitably lead to stagnation and degradation of the society, open culture will inevitably lead to the prosperity of society and evolution, it is the same for companies, so to strengthen the integration of the organizational culture is the right choice for corporate survival and sustainable development. In the management applications of the organizational culture, people-oriented is most able to attract talent, now, many businesses and entrepreneurs advertised himself as a people-oriented. However, in the enterprise management system, the leadership style of the business owners in the allocation of the enterprise, the basic living and working conditions of the workers, and so on are not the slightest reflects of the attitude of true respect to talents, to employees, then people-oriented is illusory. In the market economy, if the businesses want to be invincible, business leaders must fully understand and know the advantages and shortcomings of the enterprise. To prevent and overcome their own shortcomings in order to cope in a market economy. Operations are art , management are science, and the system is the guarantee, talent is fundamental. Grasp a good business operation, management, system, talent, then the company could hopely have a healthy development, also could truly establish their own organizational culture.

Air Bag Safety For The Prevention Of Injury And Death Essay examples --

According to statistics, motor vehicle accidents are the number one leading cause of unintentional injury-related deaths, making up close to 45% and more than quadrupling all other causes. Although these statistics can be overwhelming knowing that driving a motor vehicle on a daily basis comes with a lot of risk, an individuals chance of injury can be lowered by following basic rules of safety. The American Trauma Society believes that the injury rate could be reduced by 50% if people would simply apply existing information about prevention. Wearing a seat belt while riding in a motor vehicle is by far the easiest way to prevent injury and death, and should be done anyhow because it is a federal law to do so. In addition to seat belts, motor vehicles are equipped with air bags, an automatic form of protection designed to reduce the risk of injury. In the past decade, air bags have saved the lives of close to 3,000 people. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) con ducted a study of real-world motor vehicle crashes and were able to conclude that the combination of seat belts and air bags is 75% effective in preventing serious head injuries and 66% effective in preventing serious chest injuries. Unfortunately for about 100 people in the past decade, their lives were saved at the expense of suffering a less severe injury caused by the air bag itself. However, when proper air bag safety is applied in conjunction of wearing a seat belt properly, most injuries ...

Environmental Problems :: essays research papers

The world today is vastly different from what it was before urbanisation and industrialisation had taken its toll on the world. Since the turn of the new millennium the issue of the environment has suddenly evolved into a widespread issue which is greatly discussed throughout the world. No longer are humans living in a world where the environment is serene or stable but much rather becoming unrecognisable and diminishing before our eyes. The plants, trees and flowers are life forms which God has created for us to enjoy its beauty but it is now solely up to us and many other organisations to protect preserve and respect how fragile our environment really is. One of the most evident problems associated to the environment is the issue of the logging of trees, mainly in undisturbed places such as the Amazon basin. Trees are considered the lungs of the Earth. They recycle all the polluting carbon in the air and return oxygen back into our atmosphere, creating a stable cycle of carbon in our atmosphere. However, the impeccable rates which trees are being cut down in our forests have grown to ever increasing and alarming rates. Trees that are made way for farming are burnt up releasing deadly amounts of carbon and thus leading to the problem of global warming. As its names suggest the world is slowly warming up and without any notice the environment which God has gave us will be slowly eradicated. The daily lives which humans carry on about every day are also a factor influencing on our environment and global warming. By driving cars that have a thirst for petrol we are releasing carbon dioxide and furthermore impacting on the world?s climat e. In Australia environmental impact has always been evident. Land clearing especially in places such as Queensland has caused land to lay dry and lifeless where all forms of life is destroyed. By clearing land we are not only affecting our climate but are also destroying animal habitat and the usage of the land. Senseless actions by commuters in Australia, emitting tons and tons of lethal gases vulnerable to the atmosphere are starting to take its toll on our climate. We are seeing a harsher climate and at the same time less rain. If we want to preserve our world we must take a stance on this issue and take action for what is right, not carrying on the actions that will lead to a desolate, destroyed Earth.

Slavery in America :: Slavery Essays

Slavery in America By 1850, ninety-two percent of all American blacks were concentrated in the South, and about 95 percent were slaves. Pre-civil war slaves in America went through a great deal of turmoil and discontent in the South. Slavery has had a huge effect on our country. Many slaves were beaten to death and some did not survive the ruff life of slavery. Slavery then went on to cause the War between the North and the South known as the â€Å"Civil War†. In 1916, a Dutch ship brought twenty enslaved Africans to a Virginia Colony at Jamestown. Slaves were sold all over the United States to work on small farms and plantations. The slaves worked hard day in and day out to finish their jobs. Slave owners would whip and beat the slaves that would not work right or that tried to escape the plantation. Many times on a small farm the master would be in the field watching the slaves. Usually on larger farms the master would hire an overseer to make sure the slaves work and do not try to escape. (Slavery in America)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slaves were taken from several areas of Africa such as Timbuktu, Benin, and Fut Tur. The African west coast was a very dangerous place during the triangular slave trade. First, the slave traders leave Europe and are directed to African West coast. Then they go from African West coast to West Indies or America. Finally they sail home from America. A complete trip lasts about 12 months. Slaves were brought by ships from Africa to be sold in America. (Pre-Civil War)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Runaway slaves used the Underground Railroad to escape slavery. They used the North Star for guidance to the northern United States. They would travel through waterways, swamps, forests, mountains, and back roads to escape slavery. Free blacks, Quakers, whites, and Native Americans would also help the slaves escape.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion I have learned that slaves in the Pre-civil war ear went through a great deal of trial and tribulation.

Antz Movie – Sociology

ANTZ 1. Define social class. Name at least two social classes depicted in the movie.  ·Social class: a defined set by social stratification where people are grouped into a set of hierarchical social categories  ·Social Classes in ANTZ i. Worker ants ii. Soldier ants iii. Royal ants 2. Who make up the underclass in the ant colony?  ·The underclass in the ant colony is considered to be the worker ants. 3. Give one example of social mobility in the movie. An example of social mobility in the movie is when â€Å"Z† and his friend, Weaver the soldier, switch jobs before the royal review. This change can be though of as vertical mobility since â€Å"Z’s† rank is considered to be upward and Weaver’s downward. 4. What does the term â€Å"life chances† mean? What are the life chances of the ants in the movie?  ·A life chance is the likeliness of obtaining and maintaining the material and nonmaterial things in life. According to the book, life chances decreased as social class level declines.In the movie, the royal ants appeared to eat the good of the land, while the worker ants moved the good of the land or earth. 5. Define class consciousness. Give one example of class consciousness depicted in the movie.  ·Class consciousness: Awareness of one's place in a system of social classes as it relates to the class struggle.  ·There are several instances where the ants become class conscious. The scene where â€Å"Z† is talking to Aztec shows that they understand what class they are in, but choose to take different outlooks on it.The fighting scene in the bar where the worker ants fight against the soldiers is also another instance. 6. Define false consciousness. Give one example of false consciousness depicted in the movie.  ·False consciousness is depicted in the movie when the worker ants accept what the General Mandible says when he break up the rallies that emerged after â€Å"Z† kidnaps the princess. Through out the movie a dominant ant gave orders to worker ants and they accepted them, which is what false consciousness is; the acceptance of the dominant ideology. . Define lifestyle. What are the lifestyle differences of the ants in the movie?  ·Lifestyle: the differences in the way people live among social classes  ·In the movie the perspective of what other ants did weren’t always correct. In the movie â€Å"Z† believed that the princess had no real labor to do while he had tons of earth to move daily. The biggest lifestyle difference in the movie is probably behavior and an understanding of who one is. 8. Is the ant colony a caste system? If yes, explain how. In the movie ANTZ there is a scene where the antlings are assigned worker or soldier. Because of that scene it is safe to say yes, the ant colony is caste system. 9. Use one of the sociological perspectives to explain the stratification as depicted in the movie.  ·The functionalist perspective seems to fit wi th the movie because each aspect of the ant’s colony is interdependent and contributes to their colony's functioning as a whole. 10. How does the movie ANTZ relate to social stratification? In the movie we were introduced to ants as workers, soldiers, and royalty. They all had a meaningful purpose, but were viewed differently among the social classes. No matter who was upper or lower the ants couldn’t survive if everyone wasn’t accounted for and active. It is their acting like a colony that they survive in this movie. This is the same with social stratification. Social Stratification can be viewed as functional for the social order because it motivates people to undertake all the jobs necessary for the society to survive.

Cultural Acceptance in Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis Essay

Marjane Satrapi‘s graphic novel Persepolis is an autobiography that depicts her childhood up to her early adult years in Iran during and after the Islamic revolution. Throughout the novel Satrapi incorporates character development, religion, and the conflict of freedom vs. confinement in order to develop a greater appreciation between two opposing eastern and western cultures. When analyzing the current relationship between eastern and western cultures, it seems as if tensions and conflict arise from a complex and layered set of problems. These issues range from political, economic and military stances to opposing cultural beliefs. The genesis of these issues arises in a lack of empathy for the people in each nation. Satrapi uses character development to form a persona surrounding her childhood that makes the reader understand the human aspect of someone they would otherwise not relate to. The focus on her childhood establishes innocence. This innocence is what initially gives the reader the ability to view a different prospective with an open mindset. Satrapi also builds on this innocence with events in her childhood that can be appreciated by both eastern and western cultures. When she interacts with her friends they talk about romance and the opposite sex, dreaming of their price coming to save them. This is not something that is exclusive to young Iranian girls, but to all young girls. This similarity pulls the reader’s attention away from the fact that Marjane Satrapi is Iranian and builds a focus simply on that fact that she is a person with the same emotions and feelings as the reader. Satrapi also establishes the persona of her childhood through her personal morals. Throughout Persepolis Satrapi is vehemently concerned with social injustice, and is seen as a very empathetic child. She gets mad at the suffering of those who are in a lower social class because she sees how tormented they are. In chapter 3 of the novel Marjane takes a bath for hours in an attempt to understand how her grandfather felt in a water-filled torture cell. The reader incorporates the beliefs, morals, desires, fears, and overall  likeness that Satrapi conveys in her novel and gains a greater understanding of relationship all people possess through human nature. Although humanity shares a similarity in their greater design, there are still strong ideals that have existed since the foundation of civilized society. History has shown that the ideals formed through religion have become the most confrontational between differing cultures; however, Satrapi chooses the general aspects of faith and devotion and uses them as a connection between eastern and western religion. The more obvious physical differences between religions that Satrapi presents are pointed out in Joseph Darda’s article when he says â€Å"In this set of panels1, Satrapi introduces the reader to a familiar image, an Iranian woman in traditional hijab. Satrapi describes how most women hated the outfit because of the heat and awkward fit, but also appreciated the sense of security it gave them.† The hijab is something that the western audience cannot fully understand, however it is another example of how Satrapi is leading the readers to understanding Arabic culture. What stands out as the strongest tie between the east and west is the theme of freedom and confinement that both cultures value and desire. When comparing the Iranian revolution and the American Revolution the desire for freedom is a shared stake the two nations fought to obtain. The American colonies sought freedom from the British Empire and the corruption that was oppressing them. The Islamic Republic sought the same freedom from the oppression and corruption established in the Pahlavi dynasty, under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. Even though the two ideals grew into conflicting ideals the reader is able to appreciate a universal right of freedom. By connecting the desired independence sought by both revolutions, the reader sees the seemingly opposed political powers were founded by the same ideal. Satrapi’s parents’ desire for her education is what initially keeps the family from leaving. The reason then becomes the militant control of the city and the constant fightin g that prevents them. Eventually Satrapi’s parents see how dangerous it is and send her away, yet they make the choice to stay. It seems odd that her parents wouldn’t leave with her. When analyzing the statistical data presented in the â€Å"Middle East Research Information  Project,† the casualties witnessed by Marjane and her family, â€Å"rose near eight thousand just in their hometown† (MERIP, 3). The death of Iranian citizens was not only brought by the fighting of the Mujahedeen rebel army, but anyone that was seen as a threat to their new ideals. Executions were common and always practiced in public according to Keith Jones’s article, â€Å"Tragedy of the Iranian Revolution.† In the face of this present danger it is hard for the reader to comprehend the logic in wanting to stay amongst the violence. What Satrapi presents as reasoning to the reader is the fact that her parents have always lived in Iran. They don’t know anything else. To evacuate raises a lot more internal conflicts for her parents than it would for their daughter who has not had time to settle in one area. Ultimately the decision not to leave goes beyond cultural ties, educational reasoning, or even being forced to stay. There is a natural tendency for man to become complacent and turn a blind eye to the evadable. Its human condition. People do not wish to think about the possibility of their entire lives being changed for better or worse. Even though this aspect of conflict is not shared by all of her readers, Satrapi’s descriptions instill sympathy and draw on the readers’ pathos in order to connect their emotions. Since the genesis of mankind, people have identified and sought their own uniqueness. Personal characteristics that define what they are viewed as. Man’s uniqueness does not have to be a source of conflict, but rather something to be appreciated. This is the moral that Satrapi is conveying by connecting eastern and western regions. Satrapi use of character development, religion, and values of freedom as a common ground for an understanding to be built between these two cultures. Ultimately Satrapi wishes for the reader to use her story as a way to not only appreciate personal uniqueness, but appreciate the uniqueness of others as well. As a civilization moving towards this concept of acceptance, a new ability to maintain peace and harmony will be nurtured. It seems ironic that an author such as Marjane Satrapi would be so bold in her value of mutual respect given all of the violence and persecution she endured throughout her early life; however, it is those negative experience s that give her the desire to live in dedication towards equality. Works Cited Darda, Joseph. â€Å"Graphic Ethics.† Theorizing the Face in Marjane Satrapi’s â€Å"Persepolis† 40.2 Iran’s Revolution: The First Year. Washington, D.C.: Middle East Research Information Project, 1980. Print. Jones, Keith. â€Å"World Socialist Web Site.† Tragedy of the Iranian Revolution. WSWS.org, 11 Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. New York, NY: Pantheon, 2003. Print. Annotated Bibliography Darda, Joseph. â€Å"Graphic Ethics.† Theorizing the Face in Marjane Satrapi’s â€Å"Persepolis† 40.2 (2013): 31-51. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. Journalist Joseph Darda discusses the implications of the Iranian revolution. In this article there is a focus on the political as well as social aspects that this conflict induced. This article was chosen because of its moderate stance on the Iranian revolution. Both sides of the conflict were presented. Iran’s Revolution: The First Year. Washington, D.C.: Middle East Research Information Project, 1980. Print. The Middle East Research Information Project’s article presented statistical findings surrounding war time casualties, Iranian economy, and global market as well as psychological research. It was chosen mainly for its non-bias scientific reports and statistical data. Jones, Keith. â€Å"World Socialist Web Site.† Tragedy of the Iranian Revolution. WSWS.org, 11 Feb. 2009. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. Keith Jones focuses on class conflict and the consequences that the Iranian revolution has on the caste system in Iran during the late twentieth century. This article was chosen because of the cultural conflict Mr. Jones presents, and how it relates to similar conflicts in Persepolis Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. New York, NY: Pantheon, 2003. Print. Marjane Satrapi’s graphic novel Persepolis tells the story of her childhood and the trials she faced with her family during the Iranian Revolution. This work was chosen because of its focus on the implications and consequences of cross cultural conflict Outline I Introduction a Background Information Thesis: Throughout the novel Satrapi incorporates character development, religion, and the conflict of freedom vs. confinement in order to develop a greater appreciation between two opposing eastern and western cultures. b Transition II Body 1- Character Development a Main Point: Character Development b Relation to novel c Explanation d Text Support: Descriptions of Marjanes childhood persona Chapter 3- taking long bath (empathy) e Tie into thesis & transition to next topic> III Body 2- Religion a Main Point: Religion is seen as opposing, but still carries same virtues b Relation to novel c Explanation d Text Support: Quote from Joseph Darda’s article e Tie into thesis & transition to next topic> IV Freedom & Confinement a Main Point: The desire to overcome oppression and obtain freedom is a foundation of both cultures. Marjane and family’s lack of freedom inspires emotion from the reader. b Relation to novel c Explanation d Text Support: Statistics from MERIP Quote from Keith Jones Article e Tie into thesis & transition to next topic> V Conclusion a Summarize main points and draw back to thesis b Reworded thesis c Personal moral learned/taught

One Source Essay

The purpose of this paper is to argue for and against an organization adopting an ethical approach. This essay will look into the two sides of the argument in depth using relevant theories, examples and case studies. The first part of this essay will look into why an organization adopting an ethical approach to management could ultimately benefit the firm. On the other hand, the essay will look at the case against a firm adopting an ethical approach to management. The essay will then conclude by suggesting that it would be important for organizations to act ethically to a certain extent.One definition suggests that ‘ethics are the moral principles that should underpin decision-making. A decision made on ethics might reject the most profitable solution In favor of one of greater benefit to society as well as the firm' (Marabous, 2003). The key words used in definition are ‘moral principles', so this definition suggests that acting ethically means acting in a moral way. In essence, an ethical approach to management Is generally acting right to benefit the community and the environment not solely concentrating on maximizing profits.It Is also important to define what exactly acting morally is, one good definition suggested that morality is the notion of what is good and bad (McIntyre, 1998). Argument For In arguing for an organization adopting an ethical approach, the benefits that an organization would gain from this behavior Is that it could be used as a USPS (unique selling point). This is evident in a variety of organizations today, for instance, the Body Shop. Body shop sells products that are kind to the environment, and also boast the fact that they are 100% against animal testing.A key point is that, not only does the many strive to Improve the communities In less developed countries, but it publicizes these actions In order to get support from possible consumers. This strategy appeals to customers a great deal, which implies there are plenty o f consumers who choose not to buy products that have been tested on animals so choose to buy products only from the Body Shop. Similarly there are consumers that may not have such strong opinions against animal testing but buy products from the body shop because it seem like the right thing to ad.These ethical approaches to management has seen Body Shop's profits rise over the years, and are now one of the arrest cosmetic retailers in the country as a result. As well as advertising the fact that they are against animal testing. The Body Shop also promotes community trade. Active self esteem, defending of human rights, and the protection of our planet. Organizations will also gain significant public relations advantages from ethical behavior. There are examples of organizations that have not acted ethically, and as a result have received very negative publicity.One key example would be Nestle. A study in the British Medial Journal said that manufacturers of powdered milk, such as Nes tle were breaking international codes by selling their products to West African countries. The Studies were carried out in two West African countries Togo and Burning Fast. Findings from the study showed that Nestle had been Issuing free powdered milk to mothers in these West African countries, officials from Nestle had convinced mothers that powdered milk was actually better for their children than 1 OFF needed to find money in order to purchase this milk.Of course money was not always available so drastic measures were taken, such as over diluting the little dowered milk they had available, or diluting the powdered milk with water that was not very clean. As a result of this children's health in the region was poor due to lack of nutrition and consumption of contaminated water. The result of this study severely affected the reputation of Nestle. Pressure groups and other activists urged consumers to boycott products from the firm because of the way they had acted in Africa. As a r esult of this poor publicity Nestle had operating profits fall significantly.This case study is a prime example of how not acting ethically could seriously image the reputation of the firm, so another advantage of adopting an ethical approach to management is that this sort of situation could be avoided. Another major advantage of an ethical approach to management is that an organization could get more out of their workforce. Employees can expect to respond positively to working for an organization that they trust to be acting morally correct. Employees may feel proud to work for a firm that they know is abiding by ethical and moral guidelines.This would also help motivate the workforce and boost their confidence. As a result this could in turn lead to higher productivity from the workforce and ultimately lead to higher operating profits. A positive ethical approach to management could add to the competition for employment at such a firm. An ethical approach to management would also result in a lower labor turnover, because less employees would be leaving the organization if they felt they were being treated right, subsequently all of these reasons would lead to lower costs for an organization I. . Training and paying redundancies. A survey conducted in 2003 even showed that about 75% of The Body Shop's employees felt ‘proud' to be working for the organization. According to Banyan (1996) the success of the final solution depends on the capacity of managerial techniques to denude individuals of their dignity and deprive them of their humanity. Argument Against One of the main disadvantages that come with an ethical approach to management are the costs involved when managing ethically. A key example would be the exploitation of cheap labor.Sport manufacturing giant Nikkei has been accused of exploiting cheap labor in Asian markets. A report in Vietnam in 1997 showed that Nikkei had been mistreating women that worked in the factories producing shoes. The wo men were being paid about $1. 0 per day which was well below minimum wage in America. It was reported that the workforce was even punished for using verbal communication and were only allowed one toilet break during their period of work. From an ethical point of view this is the opposite of how a firm should act, and thus Nikkei received bad publicity for their actions.Although from Nine's point of view exploiting cheap labor in these Asian markets meant extremely high profits per unit produced, because shoes produced were being sold at around $150. Since the bad publicity and attempted boycotting from pressure groups, Nikkei vowed to act in a ore ethical manner, so paid worker significantly higher wages and also improved working conditions, although this did reduce the amount of bad publicity they were receiving it also meant that Nikkei so their costs soar.Although the company still makes a healthy profit, a more ethical approach to management has meant they are the argument that not all organizations will see a loss in profit for acting more ethically. It will largely depend on what type of organization is in question, for example Marks and Spencer sell organic chocolate and promote the fact that there is air trade between farmers. Although Marks and Spencer do have to pay farmers fairly, they can also charge a premium on their products to maintain profit levels.This way the firm can hit two birds with one stone, because they get positive publicity and a good consumer base, and are able to maintain profit levels. Another Disadvantage of a more ethical approach to management is that it could conflict with existing policies within the organization. A possible restructuring of the organization may need to be done; internal divisions may be created within the business. This of ours is a problem is the workforce is not used to change or does not want change in general. This could lead to lack of motivation of workers which in turn would lead to lower levels of p roductivity.A company could possibly also experience problems in sending a message in an organization which is decentralized. Even though the workforce may be in favor of a more ethical approach to management it would be extremely difficult to implement it, and additional training of the workforce may be required for maximum efficiency. Conclusion Having argued on both sides of the organization approach, it suffices to state that, it s important for firms or organizations to adopt an ethical approach to management as the advantages clearly outweigh the disadvantages.

Deception Point Page 47

Arriving now at the doorway of the Communications Office, Tench felt alive with the thrill of the fight. Politics was war. She took a deep breath and checked her watch. 6:15 P.M. The first shot was about to be fired. She entered. The Communications Office was small not for lack of room, but for lack of necessity. It was one of the most efficient mass communications stations in the world and employed a staff of only five people. At the moment, all five employees stood over their banks of electronic gear looking like swimmers poised for the starting gun. They are ready, Tench saw in their eager gazes. It always amazed her that this tiny office, given only two hours head start, could contact more than one third of the world's civilized population. With electronic connections to literally tens of thousands of global news sources-from the largest television conglomerates to the smallest hometown newspapers-the White House Communications Office could, at the touch of a few buttons, reach out and touch the world. Fax-broadcast computers churned press releases into the in-boxes of radio, television, print, and Internet media outlets from Maine to Moscow. Bulk e-mail programs blanketed on-line news wires. Telephone autodialers phoned thousands of media content managers and played recorded voice announcements. A breaking news Web page provided constant updates and preformatted content. The â€Å"live-feed-capable† news sources-CNN, NBC, ABC, CBS, foreign syndicates-would be assaulted from all angles and promised free, live television feeds. Whatever else these networks were airing would come to a screeching halt for an emergency presidential address. Full penetration. Like a general inspecting her troops, Tench strode in silence over to the copy desk and picked up the printout of the â€Å"flash release† that now sat loaded in all the transmission machines like cartridges in a shotgun. When Tench read it, she had to laugh quietly to herself. By usual standards, the release loaded for broadcast was heavy-handed-more of an advertisement than an announcement-but the President had ordered the Communications Office to pull out all the stops. And that they had. This text was perfect-keyword-rich and content light. A deadly combination. Even the news wires that used automated â€Å"keyword-sniffer† programs to sort their incoming mail would see multiple flags on this one: From: White House Communications Office Subject: Urgent Presidential Address The President of the United States will be holding an urgent press conference tonight at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time from the White House briefing room. The topic of his announcement is currently classified. Live A/V feeds will be available via customary outlets. Laying the paper back down on the desk, Marjorie Tench looked around the Communications Office and gave the staff an impressed nod. They looked eager. Lighting a cigarette, she puffed a moment, letting the anticipation build. Finally, she grinned. â€Å"Ladies and gentlemen. Start your engines.† 53 All logical reasoning had evaporated from Rachel Sexton's mind. She held no thoughts for the meteorite, the mysterious GPR printout in her pocket, Ming, the horrific attack on the ice sheet. There was one matter at hand. Survival. The ice skimmed by in a blur beneath her like an endless, sleek highway. Whether her body was numb with fear or simply cocooned by her protective suit, Rachel did not know, but she felt no pain. She felt nothing. Yet. Lying on her side, attached to Tolland at the waist, Rachel lay face-to-face with him in an awkward embrace. Somewhere ahead of them, the balloon billowed, fat with wind, like a parachute on the back of a dragster. Corky trailed behind, swerving wildly like a tractor trailer out of control. The flare marking the spot where they had been attacked had all but disappeared in the distance. The hissing of their nylon Mark IX suits on the ice grew higher and higher in pitch as they continued to accelerate. She had no idea how fast they were going now, but the wind was at least sixty miles an hour, and the frictionless runway beneath them seemed to be racing by faster and faster with every passing second. The impervious Mylar balloon apparently had no intentions of tearing or relinquishing its hold. We need to release, she thought. They were racing away from one deadly force-directly toward another. The ocean is probably less than a mile ahead now! The thought of icy water brought back terrifying memories. The wind gusted harder, and their speed increased. Somewhere behind them Corky let out a scream of terror. At this speed, Rachel knew they had only a few minutes before they were dragged out over the cliff into the frigid ocean. Tolland was apparently having similar thoughts because he was now fighting with the payload clasp attached to their bodies. â€Å"I can't unhook us!† he yelled. â€Å"There's too much tension!† Rachel hoped a momentary lull in the wind might give Tolland some slack, but the katabatic pulled on with relentless uniformity. Trying to help, Rachel twisted her body and rammed the toe cleat of one of her crampons into the ice, sending a rooster tail of ice shards into the air. Their velocity slowed ever so slightly. â€Å"Now!† she yelled, lifting her foot. For an instant the payload line on the balloon slackened slightly. Tolland yanked down, trying to take advantage of the loose line to maneuver the payload clip out of their carabiners. Not even close. â€Å"Again!† he yelled. This time they both twisted against one another and rammed their toe prongs into the ice, sending a double plume of ice into the air. This slowed the contraption more perceptibly. â€Å"Now!† On Tolland's cue, they both let up. As the balloon surged forward again, Tolland rammed his thumb into the carabiner latch and twisted the hook, trying to release the clasp. Although closer this time, he still needed more slack. The carabiners, Norah had bragged, were first-rate, Joker safety clips, specifically crafted with an extra loop in the metal so they would never release if there were any tension on them at all. Killed by safety clips, Rachel thought, not finding the irony the least bit amusing. â€Å"One more time!† Tolland yelled. Mustering all her energy and hope, Rachel twisted as far as she could and rammed both of her toes into the ice. Arching her back, she tried to lift all her weight onto her toes. Tolland followed her lead until they were both angled roughly on their stomachs, the connection at their belt straining their harnesses. Tolland rammed his toes down and Rachel arched farther. The vibrations sent shock waves up her legs. She felt like her ankles were going to break. â€Å"Hold it†¦ hold it†¦ † Tolland contorted himself to release the Joker clip as their speed decreased. â€Å"Almost†¦ â€Å" Rachel's crampons snapped. The metal cleats tore off of her boots and went tumbling backward into the night, bouncing over Corky. The balloon immediately lurched forward, sending Rachel and Tolland fishtailing to one side. Tolland lost his grasp on the clip. â€Å"Shit!† The Mylar balloon, as if angered at having been momentarily restrained, lurched forward now, pulling even harder, dragging them down the glacier toward the sea. Rachel knew they were closing fast on the cliff, although they faced danger even before the hundred-foot drop into the Arctic Ocean. Three huge snow berms stood in their path. Even protected by the padding in the Mark IX suits, the experience of launching at high speed up and over the snow mounds filled her with terror. Fighting in desperation with their harnesses, Rachel tried to find a way to release the balloon. It was then that she heard the rhythmic ticking on the ice-the rapid-fire staccato of lightweight metal on the sheet of bare ice.

This is a COMPANY LAW AND CAPITALISM (LLB) problem question; the Essay

This is a COMPANY LAW AND CAPITALISM (LLB) problem question; the question is on the assignment criteria field of this application form below - Essay Example and Boris are the executive Directors of the Company, but from the perspective of ownership of shares, it may be noted that Clarke Bros has a greater ownership stake, since they own 5% of the shares while Boris and Amber own 2% each. Berle and Means point out that with the growing size of corporations, ownership and management have been separated1 however companies are now so dominated by directors that their shareholders may be denied an effective say in the decisions of the Company. Justice Plowman in the case of Parke v Daily News Ltd2 held that the primary duty of the directors of a corporation is to their shareholders, superseding their duty to their employees. In the execution of his duties, it is inevitable that a Director will face a conflict of interests, but he is required to be self regulated by a strong code of ethics in his dealings. The Executive Director is the principal agent of the Company but under the law, has been held to be subject to the same standards of loyalty and good faith in his duties as that expected from trustees3 and therefore has a fiduciary duty to the shareholders4. However, the functions of directors originated as a flexible concept in the courts in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. For example in the case of directors in Turquand v Marshall, the Court held that it â€Å"could not interfere with the discretion exercised by them†.5 In the case of Re Dunham and Co, the Court found that the director has been guilty of â€Å"considerable negligence† yet held that he had not breached his duty of diligence and care.6 However the duty of skill of a Director was best laid out by Romer J in the Re City Equitable Fire Insurance Co Ltd7 where he stated that while a Director was expected to exercise a certain level of skill and diligence that an ordinary reasonable man would apply under the circumstances, this did not mean that he was required to demonstrate a level of skill that was not commensurate with his experience. Moreover, a

Should Barack Obama Be Re-elected Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should Barack Obama Be Re-elected - Essay Example Being president is not a matter of mindset or appearances, it is a matter of doing the work that the job requires and being successful at it. As voters, it is our job to make sure that we analyze the accomplishments and shortcomings of each candidate up for the most important political position in our country. We have to get past their spin doctors and their campaign managers in order to get a true idea of whether casting a vote for this particular candidate will be beneficial to all or not at all. In the case of re electionist Barack Obama, we need to go over his accomplishments and failures with a fine tooth comb. Mr. Porter continues to enforce his belief about the Obama re election by mentioning that it also hinges on the improvement of the economy, lowering unemployment, and succeeding in Libya. Let's have a look at the facts covering these matters as we have them at the moment. The first topic on this list is the economy. Obama promised to lower inflation and control the defici t spending while he was campaigning for office. Since he has assumed office, our national debt has surpassed the fifteen trillion mark and continues to grow on a daily basis. As a borrowing country, we nearly defaulted on our debt payment because of the cruel game of politics. Our deficit spending has grown as he continues to come up with ways and means to keep spending money that the tax payers cannot provide and the country simply does not have. He promised to limit government spending but instead he ended up growing the government by leaps and bounds by forcing his healthcare plan into law and creating 68 new government departments / positions instead. So far, he has not done anything fiscally to fulfill his promise of saving money and spending wisely for the benefit of the people. I know that others will say that turning the economy around will take time and he can;t be blamed for something that he just inherited. But my argument to that defense is that Obama wanted the position . He got it. He knew what he was getting into. Now he has to fix the mess and stop looking for a scapegoat. Until I see my money growing in the bank again and my loan interests lowered, there is no way I can say he is actually fulfilling his campaign promise. While the Democrats, of whom he is the current leader, and the Republicans battled it out for supremacy while negotiating our debt payment obligations, Barack Obama steered clear of the issue and let the two parties sort things out for themselves. He refused to take on a leadership role at that time and instead, allowed the parties to bicker and act stubbornly, all the while with our national economy on the line. That to me is not the trademark of a man who knows how to lead. Instead, that looked like a man who did not know his job requirements and how to get things done in a timely manner. I don't know about you but seeing Vice President Biden in China, assuring them that we will not default on our debt payment to them left a very bad taste in the mouth. I miss those days when we were the ones lending money to China because we were the top dog nation at the time. Now I have to admit that those days are gone and will never come back because Barack Obama is busy making sure that any economic program presented to him will fail to gain approval from those concerned. For all