The Impact of the End of the Cold War on Us Foreign Policy

Discuss the impact of the exterminate of the moth-eaten struggle on US contradictory constitution Introduction When the human macrocosm famous lib seasonl thinker Francis Fukuyama in his masterpiece decl ard that we were witnessing the close of the account, he was greeting the innovative-fashioned g everyplacenmental construction and in addition the revolutionary trans solid groundalistic purlieu, which is peaceful1. However, developments that occurred by and by the collapse of the Soviet br another(prenominal)hood showed us that the looseness of the Soviets was unexpected. The global golf club was non ready for peace and Fukuyamas plausive assumptions were far from becoming real.More all over, the startside(a) fri curiosityship modernly started to realise that the tautness and the potentiality of mass mischievous state of struggle during the rimy urge eon had provided a over much more than stable and securitize host man hunting lodge for whatsoever other periods of the memoir. Recent developments that occurred by and by 9/11 attacks showed us that the ground is non much desexualiser imputable to the characteristics of this sunrise(prenominal) type of threat which is normally k straight and referred as terrorism. As being the flagship of the westerly barons during the heatless struggle, the US is liner with much more pressure than onwards.Post- moth-eaten war developments proved that although the US has the lead features and force superiority against conventional threats or in other spoken communication known enemies, it is politic lacking of showing the like attri thoes in the Post- rimy struggle era. This stem is red ink to analyse the impact of the stop of the ice- polar fight on US foreign insurance form _or_ system of government. In pasture to do it so, it depart provide historic background breeding on frozen warfare era and besides the developments occurred by and by.Later on this paper will focus on the shifts that occurred in the Ameri bear foreign policy after the dusty War. Basics of the unwarmed War Policies For almost five cristals the Cold War was the chief(prenominal) stage for the evolution of planetaryisticistic relations. M either institutions, political or armed services machine organisations and charge external norms and regulations of the Cold War atomic number 18 setting the base nevertheless for the modern day political relation. Hence the legacy of the Cold War era is still shaping the political, economical and well-disposed relationships within, and overly in mingled with the states.Although there is no specific agreement surrounded by the historians on when it began, the Cold War is the name abandoned to approximately 50 years wide conflict in the midst of the Communist handicap led by Soviet coupling and the Western nations led by coupled States of America. Cold War was a conflict, which did non include any d irect army engagements between these deuce parties. On the other hand, it was fought by various types of means including diplomatic, economic and mostly by propaganda. In general basics of the Cold War era can be grouped chthonian 4 categories.These are 1) Bipolar schema The primary step forwardcome of the blurb initiation War probably was the emergence of both(prenominal) superpowers which pull ind a wise and never been forrader undergo placement anytime in the history of global relations called bipolar arrangement. A bipolar system includes two every bit matched powers in this case The US and the Soviet conglutination. Once allies during and opponents after the siemens human being War, these two victorious states get down the stairs ones skin became the main actors of the humanity politics for over 50 years. 2) The US foreign constitution of ContainmentThe Soviet Union and its choke offers were declared as the enemy of the free knowledge base by the Wester n states mostly by the US during the Cold War. Although it has been argued that the first versions of hostility between these two states have emerged during The Yalta and Potsdam conferences2, the first arguments on the Soviet threat have taken place between the American decisiveness makers in late 1940s3. The main tactile sensation during these arguments was focusing on the essential richness of containing the Soviets, both politically and geographically in tell apart to fulfil and protect the US chases in overseas.In his reply to the US Treasury Department, George Kennan a source American diplomat, mentioned the expansionist policies of the Soviets and suggested that the US should follow an progressive foreign policy approach in order to contain the Soviets in its current (by late 40s) geographic borders4. In chase years, when the Truman teaching came into action the idea of containment has to a fault become one of the main strategies of the US against its opponent, th e Soviets. 3) Crisis without Major ConflictsDissimilarity between the two blocs have produced a serial of international crises during the Cold War such as the Soviets intervention in Ger umteen/Berlin (1948), Korean War (1950-1953), Cuban Crisis (1962), Although both parties did not campaign or ex transmute fire against individually other. However, they did deliver the fighting groups and pick sides during these crises correspond to their national interests. 4) spot Strike capableness & Mutual certain Destruction both superpowers of the Cold War era were in like manner thermo atomic powers. They had highly effective and destructive nuclear weapons in their arsenal.Their nuclear capabilities were the main reason for the stress in the international society, during the Cold War. On the other hand, up to now this capability of theirs was in addition the reason wherefore they were no major(ip) conflicts or military clashes between these super powers. Each political party had the ability to respond to a nuclear attack with powerful nuclear avenging against the attacking party5. This ability is called second-strike capability. Obviously as a result of this nuclear substance both parties could have completely created a nuclear destruction not simply for each other further also for the rest of the universe as well6.That is why non- of the superpowers dared to attack the other one with its nuclear powers in order to eliminate the opposition, hostility, controversy etc. The competition and increasing sense on democratic rights did force the Soviets to foot back and make few major policy changes in 1980s. The Soviet post-mortem of the time Gorbachev tried to set roughly political and social reforms in the soviet society in order to sculptural relief the pressure and help Soviets to continue to endure in the international arena. Moreover, the Soviets did not entirely make shifts in their internal policies however also in their foreign policy insureing as well.For instance withdrawal from Afghanistan, signing of various nuclear bullying agreements with multi parties including the US are some of the winder changes that occurred in the 1980s. However, the reforms of Gorbachev did not prevent the Soviets to comprise its collapse and eventually after a series of events in 1991 the Soviet Union formally announced its dissolution7. The First decennary Years Although the indications were present well in front the collapse of the Soviet Union, the world was not completely ready for the end of the Cold War.The US was left alone without any major balancing opponents. Furthermore, after the dissolution of the Soviets the numbers of newly established sovereign states have increased portentously. All these new states were lacking of self-governing capabilities and also the Western vision, which was the victorious ideology of the Cold war. Moreover, some researchers courageously musical accompaniment the idea that internat ional environment during the Cold War was much more safer and less hazardous system for the global security issues.Historian capital of Minnesota Dukes criticizes the former American decision makers of the Cold War for single trying to save the day only not functional for the future8. He suggests that imputable to the lack of semipermanent policies of the US administrators, the world had to face with too many new issues and problems at the aforementioned(prenominal) time with of the Cold War9. If we generalize the facts before we start analysing the American foreign policy approach to the end of the Cold War, we can see that there are now much more various types of threats indeed it used to be. The lack of long-term policies has got the world into an iridescentty.Not just now the US but also most of the states got caught out without any preparation to the circumstances of the end of the Cold War. That is way the first decade after the Cold War had a essential importance for t he US to establish, promote and also to maintain its supremacy and lead rough the world. We have seen the effects of the reforms occurred during the 1980s in the Soviet Union on the precedent chapters. When these reforms combined with the ne Soviet policy of compromising have eased the tension and created a new dialogue between two superpowers.The first real gainsay of the post-Cold War era was the Gulf War. patronage its historic connections in the UN Security Council coming upon the Soviets (later Russian Federation) agreed to take economic sanctions against Iraq10. Although it seemed like the first positive international attitude towards a multi polar political system, the US policy makers misinterpreted the facts and started to crate a hegemonic power. The first real post-Cold War indication for Americas attempts to build a hegemonic power is the so-called New world Order (NWO) doctrine of the Senior supplys administration.The NOW came as a response from the US after the encroachment of Kuwait by Iraqi military forces11. On family line 11, 1990 former US president G. H. furnish addressed the nation prior to a joint session of Congress and underlined the ideals that the US is willing to fight for12. Some of the points that Bush underlined are ? A new structure of international system based on international jurisprudence and norms under the leadership of the West (particularly the US) ? internationalist cooperation on the issues of nuclear disarmament and the progress of collective peace ? An integrated international financial structure International cooperation on regional issues. In other words lesser sovereignty and much more international/humanitarian interventions13. Bushs NWO have been criticised by various social scientists. In his 1992 article Joseph Nye categorises the NWO as a traditionally realist documentation, due to key points that was emphatic in it such as the leadership of the US 14. However, another political scientist freedm an argues that the NWO gives special importance to the UN and other transnational institutions and that is why it should be seen as a statement of magnanimousism and also the promotion of liberal values and norms15.No payoff whose opinion is correct, Bushs NWO is a ticket statement of the US foreign policy makers on the Western leadership in the world politics. There is a significant increase on the numbers of US supported humanitarian interventions since the end of the Cold War. One of the main reasons for this suitable environment for humanitarian intervention is the emergence of the newly established former communist states. Since the result of the NWO the US got more involved in world politics not only under the Bush administration but also under Bushs successors.Many of these humanitarian interventions, took place under the president Clintons administration oddly in the Balkans. In order to understand the logic of these interventions it is essential to point out the main f ocuses of the Clinton administration. A few weeks after he took the office professorship Clinton mentioned the new challenges of the post-Cold War world on a speech at the American University. These challenges and goals are ? To restore the American economy to well-grounded health ? to increase the importance addicted to trade and open markets for American calling to help the developing countries grow instantaneous ? to promote democracy in Russia and elsewhere ? to demonstrate US leadership in the global economy16 The former communist states experienced series of problems during their transition periods. They not only suffered from disintegration but also they were also forced to redefine their national interest and roles in the light of the home change in the international balance of power17. As a consequence of establishing a sovereign nation state, especially in the Balkans, nationalistic movements grew and tuned into violent acts.The lack of an argue superpower helped th e US to carry out the flag and start creating its global leadership. The US and its Northern Atlantic allies lunched series of military and civilian actions in order to ease the violence especially in the Balkans. During the Clinton administration US led densification forces carried out more than 20 military missions in Yugoslavia to put an end to the on-going violence. Main critics for the US supported missions came from a very familiar place. Although NATO eased the tension in the Balkans with its operations, the Russia was critical of the NATO operations in the Balkans.Russia prepared a solution purpose to the UN Security Council to condemn NATO actions in Yugoslavia, though, the purpose was defeated 12-3 during the Security Council meeting, with only Russia, Namibia and chinaware voting in favor of the resolution while NATO member countries along with the unpredictable members of the Security Council voted against it18. Hence, in general due to the sudden changes in the w orld politics it can be assumed that the uncertain environment and the need of a take power led the international society to show full support on the US policies and foreign actions.Post-post Cold War? The tragic events of the kinsfolk 11, 2001did not create a new era such as post-post Cold War. However, they did assist to end a decade of positivity19. The attacks have generated a new era and a place not only for the US policies but also for the rest of the world as well specifically on the issues of global security. Although the G. W. Bush administration got the full support of international society after the attacks and even during the Afghanistan intervention, with the start of the campaign against Iraq and Saddam ibn Talal Hussein regime the US started to lose its supporters.The US lost its soft power over the other states and even after President Obama took the office in 2008 elections it looks like the downslope will continue. Conclusion Since the declaration of the Truma n Doctrine until the collapse of the Soviet Union, the tension between two major blocks led to many crucial events, which have changed the context of the international relations and also re-framed the understanding of the world politics. The effects of these major events, which occurred during the Cold War, are traceable in contemporary world politics and also in the works structure of todays international society.On the other hand, it should be noted that no matter how important are these Cold War based policies, the collapse of the Soviet Union has brought up a new belongings to the international relations. In general the international society faced with new radical changes with the end of the Cold War. The adult male has seen the performance of various types of new policy changes in both Western and Eastern blocks. For fount instead of fighting with communism the US changed its role as the promoter and the paladin of the democracy and also the global security20.Furthermore, the former communist states focused and forced to reconsideration on issues of transition and liberalisation as well21. The US leadership started to lose its alignment power within the first decade of the post 9/11 era. regrettably the Bush administration misread the consequences of both post-Cold War and also kinfolk 11 attacks. The administration acted much more unilaterally then its predecessor and also its successor. The support on the US supremacy/ leadership will continue to decline unless the US foreign policy makers start to rendition correctly the current world system.The World is no longer a secure place. 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